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The history of the Jews in India reaches back to ancient times.〔The Jews of India: A Story of Three Communities by Orpa Slapak. The Israel Museum, Jerusalem. 2003. ISBN 965-278-179-7.〕〔Weil, Shalva.''India's Jewish Heritage: Ritual, Art and Life-Cycle''. Mumbai: Marg Publications (published in 2002; 3rd edn. ). 2009.〕 Judaism was one of the first foreign religions to arrive in India in recorded history.〔Weil, Shalva. "Indian Judaic Tradition" in Sushil Mittal and Gene Thursby (eds) ''Religions in South Asia'', London: Palgrave Publishers, 2006. pp. 169-183.〕 Indian Jews are a religious minority of India, but unlike many parts of the world, have historically lived in India without any instances of antisemitism from the local majority populace, the Hindus. The better-established ancient communities have assimilated a large number of local traditions through cultural diffusion.〔Weil, Shalva. "Bene Israel Rites and Routines" in Shalva Weil (ed.) ''India’s Jewish Heritage: Ritual, Art and Life-Cycle'', Mumbai: Marg Publications, 2009. [first published in 2002; 3Arts, 54(2): 26-37.〕 The Jewish population in India is hard to estimate since each Jewish community is distinct with different origins; while some allegedly arrived during the time of the Kingdom of Judah, others are seen by some as descendants of Israel's Ten Lost Tribes.〔Weil, Shalva. (1991) "Beyond the Sambatyon: the Myth of the Ten Lost Tribes." Tel-Aviv: Beth Hatefutsoth, the Nahum Goldman Museum of the Jewish Diaspora.〕 In addition to Jewish expatriates〔Weil, Shalva. "From Persecution to Freedom: Central European Jewish Refugees and their Jewish Host Communities in India" in Anil Bhatti and Johannes H. Voigt (eds) ''Jewish Exile in India 1933-1945'', New Delhi: Manohar and Max Mueller Bhavan,1999. pp. 64-84.〕 and recent immigrants, there are five Jewish groups in India: #The 'black' Malabar component of the Cochin Jews, according to Shalva Weil, might have arrived in India together with Solomon's merchants. The Cochin Jews settled down in Kerala as traders. The 'white' component is of European and other Jewish descent.〔Weil, Shalva. "Cochin Jews", in Judith Baskin (ed.) ''Cambridge Dictionary of Judaism and Jewish Culture'', New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. pp. 107.〕 #The Spanish and Portuguese Jews and British arrived at Madras during the 17th century, mainly as traders and diamond businessmen.〔[http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/lustre-dims-legacy-stays/article5088977.ece"Madras Jews]〕 They also have a large presence in the former Portuguese colony of Goa, where the Goan Inquisition was initiated in 1560.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=A Jewish past annihilated over time )〕 #The Bene Israel or Bani Israel arrived in the state of Maharashtra 900 years ago.〔Weil, Shalva. "Bene Israel'" in Judith Baskin (ed.) ''Cambridge Dictionary of Judaism and Jewish Culture'', New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. pp. 59.〕 # Another branch of the Bene Israel community, resided in Karachi when until the Partition of India in 1947 when they fled to India (in particular: Mumbai). Many of them also moved to Israel. The Jews from Sindh, Punjab or Pathan area are often called incorrectly identified Bani Israel Jews. The Jewish community who used to reside in other parts of what became Pakistan (such as Lahore or Peshawar) also fled to India in 1947, in a similar manner to the larger Karachi Jewish community. #The Baghdadi Jews arrived in the city of Surat from Iraq (and other Arab states), Iran, Afghanistan about 250 years ago.〔 #The Bnei Menashe are Mizo and Kuki tribesmen in Manipur and Mizoram who are recent converts to Judaism.〔Weil, Shalva. "Lost Israelites from North-East India: Re-Traditionalisation and Conversion among the Shinlung from the Indo-Burmese Borderlands." ''The Anthropologist'', 2004. 6(3): 219-233.〕 #The Bene Ephraim (also called "Telugu Jews") are a small group who speak Telugu; their observance of Judaism dates to 1981. == Cochin Jews == (詳細はthumbngalam, Parur and Ernakulam.〔Weil, Shalva. "Where are Cochin Jews today? The Synagogues of Kerala, India." ''Cochinsyn.com'', Friends of Kerala Synagogues. 2011.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of the Jews in India」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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